Base

docs.base.org
Finance & Banking

Base is a secure, low-cost, builder-friendly Ethereum L2 built to bring the next billion users onchain.

llms.txt

Base Documentation

Build on Base — Coinbase's Ethereum L2. Smart Wallet, OnchainKit, MiniKit, Base Chain RPCs, and AI Agents. This index points AI assistants at the canonical page for each topic; follow the links for full context.

Get Started

  • Base: The #1 Ethereum Layer 2, incubated by Coinbase
  • Base Mentorship Program: Connect with experienced builders and industry leaders to accelerate your journey on Base
  • Base Services Hub: A collection of services for building on Base.
  • Block Explorers: Documentation for block explorers for the Base network.
  • Core Concepts
  • Country Leads & Ambassadors: Connect with local Base community leaders and ambassadors around the world
  • Data Indexers: Documentation for data indexing platforms for Base network.
  • Deploy Smart Contracts: Step-by-step guide to deploying smart contracts on Base.
  • Static Docs Files: Use llms.txt and llms-full.txt to give AI assistants access to Base documentation.
  • MCP Server: Connect your AI coding assistant to Base documentation using Model Context Protocol for real-time access.
  • Get Funded: The Base ecosystem offers multiple funding pathways designed specifically for builders at every stage—from weekend experiments to full-scale ventures.
  • Launch a Token
  • Learning Resources: Find educational content for learning Solidity, Ethereum, and blockchain development
  • Developer's Guide to Effective AI Prompting: Learn practical AI prompting techniques to enhance your coding workflow and get better results from AI coding assistants.
  • Resources for AI agents: Base-first resources for AI agents, including docs indexes, MCP access, skills, and recommended starting points

Base Chain

  • Flashblocks Overview: Understand the sequencer architecture, block building algorithm, and integration options for Flashblocks on Base.
  • Overview: Technical specification of the Base Chain protocol, covering block derivation, execution, transaction propagation, and state verification.
  • Specification: Specification of the Base rollup node, describing its components and role in L2 block derivation and consensus.
  • L2 Execution Engine: Specification of the L2 execution engine, detailing EIP-1559 parameters, fee vaults, Engine API usage, and execution layer behavior.
  • Overview: High-level overview of the Base Chain protocol, covering rollup architecture, core components, and user flows for deposits, transactions, and withdrawals.
  • Proofs: Overview of the offchain services and onchain contracts that make L2 checkpoint proposals verifiable from Ethereum in the Azul proof system.
  • Azul: Overview of the Azul hardfork, introducing Osaka EVM support, a simplified execution client, and a multi-proof system for L2 checkpoints.
  • Canyon: Overview of the Canyon hardfork, bringing Ethereum Shanghai EIPs (EIP-3651, EIP-3855, EIP-3860) to the Base execution layer.
  • Delta: Overview of the Delta hardfork, introducing span batches to reduce L1 data costs by compressing multiple L2 blocks into single batcher transactions.
  • Ecotone: Overview of the Ecotone hardfork, integrating Ethereum Dencun changes including EIP-4844 blob transactions and EIP-4788 beacon block roots.
  • Fjord: Overview of the Fjord hardfork, introducing FastLZ-based L1 fee estimation, the RIP-7212 secp256r1 precompile, and brotli channel compression.
  • Granite: Overview of the Granite hardfork, adding bn256Pairing precompile input size restrictions and CHANNEL_TIMEOUT parameter changes.
  • Holocene: Overview of the Holocene hardfork, introducing dynamic EIP-1559 parameters configurable via SystemConfig and stricter block derivation rules.
  • Isthmus: Overview of the Isthmus hardfork, incorporating Ethereum Pectra EIPs and introducing the operator fee mechanism for sequencer revenue.
  • Jovian: Overview of the Jovian hardfork, introducing a configurable minimum base fee and a DA footprint gas scalar for improved fee market stability.
  • debug_traceBlockByHash: Returns EVM execution traces for all transactions in a block by block hash.
  • debug_traceBlockByNumber: Returns EVM execution traces for all transactions in a block by block number.
  • debug_traceTransaction: Returns the full EVM execution trace for a transaction. Requires a node with debug APIs enabled.
  • eth_blockNumber: Returns the number of the most recently mined block.
  • eth_call: Executes a message call without creating a transaction. Use pending on a Flashblocks endpoint to simulate against pre-confirmed state.
  • eth_chainId: Returns the chain ID of the current network.
  • eth_estimateGas: Estimates the gas required for a transaction. Use pending on a Flashblocks endpoint to estimate against pre-confirmed state.
  • eth_feeHistory: Returns historical base fees and priority fee percentiles for a range of blocks.
  • eth_gasPrice: Returns the current gas price in wei.
  • eth_getBalance: Returns the ETH balance of an account at a given block. Use the pending tag on a Flashblocks endpoint for 200ms pre-confirmed balances.
  • eth_getBlockByHash: Returns block information by block hash.
  • eth_getBlockByNumber: Returns block information by number. On Flashblocks endpoints, the pending tag returns the live pre-confirmed block updated every ~200ms.
  • eth_getBlockReceipts: Returns all transaction receipts for a block. Use pending on a Flashblocks endpoint for pre-confirmed receipts.
  • eth_getBlockTransactionCountByHash: Returns the number of transactions in a block by block hash.
  • eth_getBlockTransactionCountByNumber: Returns the number of transactions in a block by block number.
  • eth_getCode: Returns the contract bytecode at an address. Use pending on a Flashblocks endpoint to detect newly deployed contracts before block finalization.
  • eth_getLogs: Returns logs matching a filter. Use pending on a Flashblocks endpoint to query logs from pre-confirmed transactions.
  • eth_getStorageAt: Returns the value of a storage slot at an address. Use pending on a Flashblocks endpoint for pre-confirmed storage reads.
  • eth_getTransactionByBlockHashAndIndex: Returns a transaction by block hash and index position.
  • eth_getTransactionByBlockNumberAndIndex: Returns a transaction by block number and index position.
  • eth_getTransactionByHash: Returns a transaction by its hash.
  • eth_getTransactionCount: Returns the number of transactions sent from an address (the nonce). Use pending on a Flashblocks endpoint to get the pre-confirmed nonce.
  • eth_getTransactionReceipt: Returns the receipt for a mined transaction. Receipts are only available after a transaction is included in a block.
  • eth_maxPriorityFeePerGas: Returns the suggested EIP-1559 priority fee (tip) per gas.
  • eth_sendRawTransaction: Submits a pre-signed transaction to the network. Submit to a Flashblocks preconf endpoint to get 200ms pre-confirmation.
  • eth_subscribe: Creates a real-time WebSocket subscription. Flashblocks endpoints add three extra subscription types and emit newHeads every ~200ms.
  • eth_syncing: Returns the sync status of the node.
  • eth_unsubscribe: Cancels an active WebSocket subscription.
  • net_version: Returns the current network ID as a string.
  • web3_clientVersion: Returns the current client version string.
  • base_transactionStatus: Checks whether a transaction is in the node mempool. Only available on Flashblocks endpoints.
  • eth_simulateV1: Simulates one or more transaction bundles against the current pre-confirmed Flashblock state. Only available on Flashblocks endpoints.
  • Overview: Flashblocks-specific RPC methods, WebSocket subscriptions, and the infrastructure stream schema for Base pre-confirmations.
  • newFlashblocks: Subscribe to receive full Flashblock payload stream as each pre-confirmed block is built. Only available on Flashblocks WebSocket endpoints.
  • newFlashblockTransactions: Subscribe to receive each transaction as it is pre-confirmed into a Flashblock. Only available on Flashblocks WebSocket endpoints.
  • pendingLogs: Subscribe to logs from pre-confirmed transactions matching an optional filter. Only available on Flashblocks WebSocket endpoints.
  • Base RPC Overview: Complete reference for all JSON-RPC and Flashblocks methods available on Base nodes.
  • App Integration: Integrate Flashblocks into your app for 200ms transaction confirmations using RPC APIs and popular libraries like Ethers, Wagmi and Viem.
  • Flashblocks Architecture: Understand the sequencer architecture and infrastructure components that power Flashblocks on Base.
  • Flashblocks FAQ: Frequently asked questions about Flashblocks, including block building, WebSocket data, RPC usage, and node setup.
  • Contract Addresses: A comprehensive list of L2 contract addresses for Base Mainnet and Base Testnet, including links to their respective blockchain explorers.
  • Block Building: This page outlines how Base blocks are built.
  • Bridges: Documentation for bridging assets to Base. This page covers how to bridge assets between Ethereum, Solana, Bitcoin, and Base.
  • Configuration Changelog: A log of configuration changes to the Base networks.
  • Differences between Ethereum and Base
  • Network Faucets: Documentation for Testnet Faucets on the Base network.
  • Network Fees: Documentation about network fees on Base. This page covers details of the two-component cost system involving L2 execution fees and L1 security fees, and offers insights on fee variations and cost-saving strategies.
  • Transaction Finality: Detailed information about transaction finality on Base.
  • Troubleshooting Transactions: Guide to diagnosing and resolving transaction issues on Base.
  • Base Azul Upgrade: Migrate your Base node to base-reth-node and base-consensus for Azul.
  • Node Providers: Documentation for Node Providers for the Base network. Including details on their services, supported networks, and pricing plans.
  • Node Performance: Hardware specifications, storage requirements, client recommendations, and configuration settings for running a performant Base node.
  • Run a Node: A tutorial that teaches how to set up and run a Base Node.
  • Node Snapshots: Download and restore Base node snapshots to significantly reduce initial sync time for both archive and pruned nodes.
  • Node Troubleshooting: Solutions to common issues when setting up and running a Base node, covering sync problems, networking, snapshots, and performance.
  • Base-Solana Bridge: Bridge tokens and messages between Base and Solana Mainnet
  • Connecting to Base: Documentation about Base Mainnet and Base Testnet. This page covers network information for the Base network, including network names, descriptions, RPC endpoints, chain IDs, currency symbols, and block explorers.
  • Deploy on Base
  • Why Base?
  • How to avoid getting your app flagged as malicious: The Base bug bounty program and procedures for reporting vulnerabilities.
  • Bug Bounty
  • Reporting Vulnerabilities: The Base procedures for reporting vulnerabilities.
  • Security Council for Base: This page outlines the purpose, goals, structure, and responsibilities of the Security Council for Base.
  • Batcher: Specification of the batcher (batch submitter), the component responsible for posting L2 sequencer data to L1 for data availability.
  • Standard Bridges: Specification of the standard bridges enabling cross-domain ETH and ERC20 token transfers between L1 and L2 on Base.
  • Deposits: Specification of the deposit mechanism for Base, detailing how L1 transactions are converted into L2 deposit transactions.
  • Cross Domain Messengers: Specification of the cross-domain messenger contracts, providing a higher-level API for sending messages between L1 and L2 on Base.
  • Withdrawals: Specification of the withdrawal mechanism for Base, describing how L2 state is proven on L1 and funds are released from the bridge.
  • Derivation: Specification of the L2 chain derivation pipeline, describing how L2 blocks are deterministically derived from L1 data and sequencer batches.
  • P2P: Specification of the rollup node peer-to-peer network, covering node discovery, gossip protocol, and unsafe block propagation.
  • RPC: Specification of the rollup node RPC interface, including the optimism_outputAtBlock method for retrieving L2 output roots.
  • Precompiles: Specification of precompiled contracts on Base, including native EVM implementations available at predefined addresses.
  • Predeploys: Specification of predeployed smart contracts on Base, including system contracts deployed at predetermined addresses in genesis state.
  • Preinstalls: Specification of preinstalled smart contracts on Base, including utility contracts deployed in genesis state that run directly in the EVM.
  • Challenger: Specification of the challenger, an offchain service that detects invalid AggregateVerifier games and submits dispute transactions on L1 to nullify them.
  • Proof Contracts: Specification of the onchain contracts that verify proof material, track game state, and release withdrawals for the Azul proof system.
  • Proposer: Specification of the proposer, an offchain service that turns canonical L2 checkpoint ranges into AggregateVerifier games on L1.
  • Registrar: Specification of the registrar, an offchain service that maintains the onchain registry of accepted TEE signer identities via attestation ZK proofs.
  • TEE Prover: Specification of the TEE prover, an offchain service that re-executes L2 block ranges inside AWS Nitro Enclaves to produce signed proof material for AggregateVerifier games.
  • ZK Prover: Specification of the ZK prover, an offchain service that uses SP1 programs to produce permissionless proofs for checkpoint proposals and disputes.
  • Configuration: Reference for Base Chain configuration parameters across consensus, policy, admin, and sequencer categories.
  • Glossary: Glossary of terms and definitions used throughout the Base Chain protocol specification.
  • Azul: Execution Engine: Execution engine changes in the Azul hardfork, including the EIP-7825 transaction gas limit cap and secp256r1 precompile cost updates.
  • Azul: Proof System: Specification of the Azul multi-proof system, replacing the single output proposer with an AggregateVerifier contract for L2 checkpoint security.
  • Span-batches: Specification of span batches introduced in Delta, a new batch format that compresses sequences of L2 blocks for more efficient L1 data posting.
  • Derivation: Derivation changes in the Ecotone upgrade, extending the retrieval stage to support EIP-4844 blobs as an additional data availability source.
  • Ecotone L1 Attributes: L1 attributes transaction changes in the Ecotone upgrade, updating calldata format to support the new blob-based fee calculation model.
  • Fjord L2 Chain Derivation Changes: Derivation changes in the Fjord upgrade, updating protocol parameters for max sequencer drift, channel bank size, and adding brotli compression support.
  • L2 Execution Engine: Execution engine changes in the Fjord upgrade, replacing the L1 cost fee estimator with a FastLZ-based compression model.
  • Predeploys: Predeploy changes in the Fjord upgrade, adding FastLZ fee computation constants to the GasPriceOracle contract.
  • Granite L2 Chain Derivation Changes: Derivation changes in the Granite upgrade, updating the CHANNEL_TIMEOUT protocol parameter.
  • L2 Execution Engine: Execution engine changes in the Granite upgrade, restricting bn256Pairing precompile input size to prevent unbounded gas consumption.
  • Holocene L2 Chain Derivation Changes: Derivation changes in the Holocene upgrade, introducing stricter pipeline rules that simplify derivation and improve fault proof worst-case behavior.
  • L2 Execution Engine: Execution engine changes in the Holocene upgrade, enabling dynamic EIP-1559 parameters encoded in block headers and configured via SystemConfig.
  • System Config: SystemConfig changes in the Holocene upgrade, adding dynamic EIP-1559 parameter configuration via ConfigUpdate events.
  • Isthmus L2 Chain Derivation Changes: Derivation changes in the Isthmus upgrade, specifying network upgrade automation transactions executed at hardfork activation.
  • L2 Execution Engine: Execution engine changes in the Isthmus upgrade, including L2ToL1MessagePasser storage root in block headers and operator fee collection.
  • L1 Block Attributes: L1 attributes transaction changes in the Isthmus upgrade, extending calldata to include operator fee scalar and constant parameters.
  • Predeploys: Predeploy changes in the Isthmus upgrade, including updates to L1Block and the new OperatorFeeVault contract.
  • Isthmus: System Config: SystemConfig changes in the Isthmus upgrade, adding operatorFeeScalar and operatorFeeConstant configuration variables.
  • Derivation: Derivation changes in the Jovian upgrade, specifying activation block rules and gas computation behavior at hardfork activation.
  • Jovian: Execution Engine: Execution engine changes in the Jovian upgrade, introducing a configurable minimum base fee via SystemConfig to reduce priority-fee auction durations.
  • L1 Block Attributes: L1 attributes transaction changes in the Jovian upgrade, extending calldata to include the DA footprint gas scalar.
  • Jovian: System Config: SystemConfig changes in the Jovian upgrade, adding a minimum base fee configuration variable for the EIP-1559 fee market.

Base Account

AI Agents

  • Guides: Step-by-step guides for common things to do with Base MCP
  • Base MCP: Give your AI assistant a wallet. Base MCP connects any AI to your Base Account — check balances, send funds, swap tokens, sign messages, and pay x402 APIs.
  • Overview: How the Base MCP Skill works and how plugins extend it
  • Overview: Plugins authored by the Base team that ship with the Base MCP skill
  • Execute Contract Calls: Batch multiple contract interactions into a single user approval using send_calls and Base MCP
  • Check Balance & Portfolio: View your token balances, portfolio value, and wallet details using Base MCP
  • Send Tokens: Send native tokens or ERC-20 tokens to an address, ENS name, basename, or cb.id using Base MCP
  • Sign Messages: Sign EIP-712 typed data and plain messages with your Base Account using Base MCP
  • Swap Tokens: Swap between tokens on supported mainnet chains using Base MCP
  • View Transaction History: Browse past transactions, filter by asset, and paginate through your onchain history using Base MCP
  • Make x402 Payments: Pay for x402-enabled API requests with USDC using Base MCP
  • Custom Plugins: Build your own plugin that produces unsigned calldata and executes through Base MCP's send_calls
  • Aerodrome: Token swaps and basic-pool liquidity on Aerodrome (the leading DEX on Base) via sugar-sdk + Base MCP. CLI-only.
  • Avantis: Perpetual futures on Base via the Avantis tx-builder. CLI-only.
  • Bankr: Discover the latest token launches on Base via the Bankr API and buy them with Base MCP's swap tool.
  • Moonwell: Compound v2 lending on Base and Optimism via the Moonwell HTTP API
  • Morpho: Lending and vaults on Base via Morpho CLI, with Morpho MCP fallback for chat-only surfaces.
  • Uniswap: Token swaps and V2/V3/V4 LP positions on Base via the Uniswap trade and liquidity APIs
  • Virtuals: Create and operate Virtuals (ACP) AI agents — payment cards, email identities, agent management — signed in via Base MCP.
  • Get Started with Base MCP: Connect Base MCP to your agent in under 2 minutes
  • Aerodrome Plugin: Skill plugin reference for building unsigned Aerodrome calldata with the Sugar SDK CLI and submitting it through Base MCP send_calls.
  • Avantis Plugin: Skill plugin reference for trading perpetual futures on Avantis from CLI harnesses through Base MCP.
  • Bankr Plugin: Skill plugin reference for discovering the latest token launches on Base via the Bankr API and buying them with Base MCP's swap tool.
  • Moonwell Plugin: Skill plugin reference for lending on Moonwell through Base MCP.
  • Morpho Plugin: Skill plugin reference for lending on Morpho with Morpho CLI when available, or Morpho MCP on chat-only surfaces.
  • Uniswap Plugin: Skill plugin reference for swapping and LPing on Uniswap through Base MCP.
  • Virtuals Plugin: Skill plugin reference for creating and operating Virtuals (ACP) AI agents through the Virtuals MCP, signed in via Base MCP.
  • Approval Mode: Skill reference for how Base MCP returns approval URLs and request IDs for every write call.
  • Batched Contract Calls: Skill reference for Base MCP's EIP-5792 batched contract calls.
  • Custom Plugins and the web_request Allowlist: Skill reference for how Base MCP routes plugin HTTP calls and which surfaces are allowlisted.
  • Installing Base MCP: Skill reference for installing the Base MCP server in Claude, ChatGPT, Cursor, Codex, and other surfaces.
  • Tone: Skill reference for the language and tone rules an agent should follow when using Base MCP.
  • Base MCP Skill: Base MCP — gives your AI assistant access to a Base Account via the Base MCP server (mcp.base.org). Wallet, portfolio, sending, swapping, signing, x402 payments, batched contract calls, and transaction history across supported chains.

Apps

  • Build an app on Base: A step-by-step guide to building a Next.js tally app on Base using wagmi and viem, with wallet connection, contract reads and writes, and batch transaction support.
  • Builder Codes for Agent Developers: Attribute your AI agent's onchain transactions to your identity on Base and unlock analytics and leaderboard features.
  • Builder Codes for App Developers: Integrate Builder Codes into your app using Wagmi or Viem to attribute onchain activity.
  • Base Builder Codes: Attribute onchain activity to your app, wallet or agent with Builder Codes.
  • Builder Codes for Wallet Developers: Implement the dataSuffix capability in your wallet to enable Builder Code attribution.
  • Rewards: Earn financial incentives for building high-quality Apps that drive user engagement and onchain transactions
  • Migrate to a Standard Web App: Migrate your Farcaster mini-app to work in the Base App. Covers replacing deprecated SDK methods, and registering on Base.dev.
  • Build an app on Base: A step-by-step guide to building a Next.js tally app on Base using wagmi and viem, with wallet connection, contract reads and writes, and batch transaction support.
  • Add notifications: Send in-app notifications to your app's users through the Base Dashboard REST API.

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